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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.3//EN" "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.3/docbookx.dtd" [ <!ENTITY % globalent SYSTEM "../../libs/global.ent"> <!-- NAMES --><!ENTITY canonical-name "Canonical Ltd."> <!ENTITY project-name "Ubuntu Documentation Project"> <!ENTITY ubuntu "<phrase>Ubuntu</phrase>"> <!ENTITY sg-title "Server Guide"> <!-- VERSIONS --><!ENTITY distro-version "Jaunty Jackalope"> <!ENTITY distro-rev "9.04"> <!ENTITY distro-release-date "April 2009"> <!ENTITY distro-short-codename "jaunty"> <!ENTITY distro-apt-cd-name "Ubuntu 9.04_Jaunty_Jackalope"> <!ENTITY linux-kernel-version "2.6.27"> <!ENTITY gcc-version "4.3.1"> <!ENTITY glibc-version "2.8"> <!ENTITY python-version "2.5"> <!ENTITY glossary SYSTEM "../common/C/glossary.xml"> <!-- LEGAL URLs --><!ENTITY legalnotice SYSTEM "../libs/C/legalnotice.xml"> <!ENTITY gpl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc "http://creativecommons.org/"> <!ENTITY cc-attrib '<ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/">Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc-fulldeed-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/legalcode/"> <!ENTITY fdl-url '<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>'> <!ENTITY cc-disclaimer-url "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/disclaimer-popup?lang=en"> <!-- CANONICAL URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY canonical-url "http://www.canonical.com"> <!-- OTHER UBUNTU RELATED RESOURCES --><!ENTITY upstart-url "http://upstart.ubuntu.com"> <!-- UBUNTU IRC INFORMATION --><!ENTITY irc-network "Freenode"> <!ENTITY irc-server "irc.ubuntu.com"> <!ENTITY ubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #ubuntu"> <!ENTITY kubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #kubuntu"> <!ENTITY xubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #xubuntu"> <!ENTITY edubuntu-irc "irc.ubuntu.com channel #edubuntu"> <!-- UBUNTU URL RESOURCES --><!ENTITY ubuntu-packages 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connecttoserver "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Connect to Server...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY cowbell "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Sound & Video</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Cowbell Music Organizer</guimenuitem> </menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY chromium "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Chromium</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY computer-janitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System Janitor</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-background "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Desktop Background</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-effects "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Appearance</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Visual Effects</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY desktop-preferences 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"<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>HomeBank</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY hubackup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Backup</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY hurestore "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Home User Restore</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY inkscape "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Inkscape SVG Vector Illustrator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY internet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY kdevelop "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Programming</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>KDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY keyboard "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY keyboard-shortcuts "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Keyboard Shortcuts</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY language-support "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Language Support</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY liferea "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Liferea Feed Reader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY limewire "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>LimeWire</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY lockscreen "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Lock Screen</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY login-screen-setup "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Login Window</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY mahjongg "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Games</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mahjongg</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY menu-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Accessories</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Applications Menu Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY menus-and-toolbars "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Menus & Toolbars</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY monodevelop "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDevelop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY monodoc "<menuchoice><guimenuitem>Applications</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Programming</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>MonoDoc</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY mouse "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mouse</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY mtink "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>mtink</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY music "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Music</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY multimedia-systems-selector "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Multimedia Systems Selector</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY ndisgtk "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows Wireless Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY network-proxy "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Proxy</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY network-tools "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY networking "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY network-servers "<menuchoice><guimenu>Places</guimenu><guimenuitem>Network</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY neverball "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverball</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY neverputt "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Neverputt</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY nexuiz "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Nexuiz</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY open-office "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-base "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Database</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-draw "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Draw</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-presentation "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Presentation</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-spreadsheet "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Spreadsheet</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY openoffice-writer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>OpenOffice.org Word Processor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY palmos-devices "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PalmOS Devices</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY pan "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pan Newsreader</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY photoprint "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>PhotoPrint</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY pidgin "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Pidgin Internet Messenger</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY power-management "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Power Management</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY ppracer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Planet Penguin Racer</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY preferences "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Preferences</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY preferred-applications "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Preferred Applications</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY print "<menuchoice><guimenu>File</guimenu><guimenuitem>Print</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY printing "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Printing</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY qtparted "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>QTParted</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY remote-desktop "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Remote Desktop</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY removable-drives-and-media "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Removable Drives and Media</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY realplayer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>RealPlayer 11</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY restricted-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Hardware Drivers</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY rhythmbox "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Rhythmbox Music Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY route-planner "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>aMule</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY scorched3d "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>Scorched 3D</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY screen-resolution "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screen Resolution</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY screensaver "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Screensaver</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY scribus "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Office</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Scribus</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY serpentine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Serpentine Audio CD Creator</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY services "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Services</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY sessions "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sessions</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY shared-folders "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Shared Folders</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY skype "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Skype</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY software-properties "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY software-sources "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Software Sources</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY sound "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Sound</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY soundandvideo "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY soundjuicer "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Audio CD Extractor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY supertux "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>SuperTux</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY shutdown "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Shut Down...</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY synaptic "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Synaptic Package Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY system-monitor "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guisubmenu>Administration</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>System Monitor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY systemtools "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>System Tools</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY terminal "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Terminal</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY text-editor "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Accessories</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Text Editor</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY theme "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Theme</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY thunderbird "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Mozilla Thunderbird Mail/News</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY time-date "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Time and Date</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY totem "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Movie Player</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY touchpad "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Touchpad</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY tremulous "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guisubmenu>Games</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>Tremulous</guisubmenu></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY ubuntu-update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Ubuntu Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY update-manager "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Update Manager</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY users "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY users-groups "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Administration</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Users and Groups</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY windows "<menuchoice><guimenu>System</guimenu><guimenuitem>Preferences</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Windows</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY wireshark "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Wireshark</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xchat-gnome "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Internet</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>Xchat-GNOME IRC Chat</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xine "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>xine</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xmms "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Sound & Video</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XMMS</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY xsane "<menuchoice><guimenu>Applications</guimenu><guimenuitem>Graphics</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>XSane Image Scanner</guimenuitem></menuchoice>"> <!ENTITY % xinclude SYSTEM "../../libs/xinclude.mod"> <!ELEMENT xi:include (xi:fallback)?> <!ATTLIST xi:include xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <!ATTLIST xi:include href CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ATTLIST xi:include parse (xml | text) "xml"> <!ATTLIST xi:include xpointer CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include encoding CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include accept CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include accept-charset CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ATTLIST xi:include accept-language CDATA #IMPLIED> <!ELEMENT xi:fallback ANY> <!ATTLIST xi:fallback xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> <!ENTITY % local.preface.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.part.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.chapter.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.divcomponent.mix "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.para.char.mix "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.info.class "| xi:include"> <!ENTITY % local.common.attrib "xmlns:xi CDATA #FIXED 'http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude'"> <!ENTITY language "en"> <!ENTITY gnome-partition-editor "<application>GNOME Partition Editor</application>"> ]> <?db.chunk.max_depth 2?> <?yelp:chunk-depth 2?> <article lang="bg" id="hardware"> <articleinfo> <title>–†–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —Å —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä–Ω–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</title> <legalnotice id="legal"> <title>–ó–∞—Å–ª—É–≥–∏ –∏ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑</title> <para>–¢–æ–∑–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç —Å–µ –ø–æ–¥–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞ –æ—Ç –µ–∫–∏–ø–∞ –∑–∞ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞ Ubuntu (https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DocumentationTeam). –°–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫—ä—Ç —Å —É—á–∞—Ç–Ω–∏—Ü–∏—Ç–µ –≤ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –µ–∫–∏–ø –≤–∏–∂—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ <ulink url="../../libs/C/contributors.xml">contributors page</ulink></para> <para>–¢–æ–∑–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç –µ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–µ–Ω –ø–æ–¥ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∞ Creative Commons ShareAlike 2.5 (CC-BY-SA).</para> <para>–ò–º–∞—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ—Ç–æ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç–µ, —Ä–∞–∑—à–∏—Ä—è–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±—Ä—è–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏–∑—Ö–æ–¥–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ–¥ –Ω–∞ Ubuntu –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è—Ç–∞ –ø—Ä–∏ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—è—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑. –í—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–Ω–∏ —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∫–∏ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø–æ–¥ —Å–∏–ª–∞—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑.</para> <para>–¢–æ–∑–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç —Å–µ —Ä–∞–∑–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞ —Å –Ω–∞–¥–µ–∂–¥–∞—Ç–∞, —á–µ —â–µ –±—ä–¥–µ –ø–æ–ª–µ–∑–µ–Ω, –Ω–æ –ë–ï–ó –ù–ò–ö–ê–ö–í–ê –ì–ê–†–ê–ù–¶–ò–Ø; –¥–æ—Ä–∏ –±–µ–∑ –∫–æ—Å–≤–µ–Ω–∞ –≥–∞—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –ì–û–î–ù–û–°–¢ –ó–ê –ü–†–û–î–ê–ñ–ë–ê –∏–ª–∏ –ü–†–ò–ì–û–î–ù–û–°–¢ –ó–ê –£–ü–û–¢–†–ï–ë–ê –° –û–ü–†–ï–î–ï–õ–ï–ù–ê –¶–ï–õ, –ö–ê–ö–¢–û –ï –û–ü–ò–°–ê–ù–û –í –†–ê–ó–î–ï–õ–ê –û–¢–ö–ê–ó–í–ê–ù–ï –û–¢ –ü–†–ê–í–ê.</para> <para>–ö–æ–ø–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –ª–∏—Ü–µ–Ω–∑–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Ç—É–∫: <ulink url="/usr/share/ubuntu-docs/libs/C/ccbysa.xml">Creative Commons ShareAlike License</ulink>.</para> </legalnotice> <copyright> <year>2008</year> <holder>Canonical Ltd. –∏ —á–ª–µ–Ω–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ <ulink url="https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-core-doc">–ü—Ä–æ–µ–∫—Ç—ä—Ç –∑–∞ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞ Ubuntu</ulink></holder> </copyright> <publisher> <publishername>–ü—Ä–æ–∫–µ—Ç—ä—Ç –∑–∞ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞ Ubuntu</publishername> </publisher> </articleinfo> <para>–í–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä —Å—ä–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å–≤—ä—Ä–∑–∞–Ω–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ —Å–∞ –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–∏ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –∫–∞—Ç–æ <emphasis>—Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä</emphasis>.</para> <para>Ubuntu –æ–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ, –Ω–æ –≤ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ —Å–ª—É—á–∞–∏ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –Ω–∞–ª–æ–∂–∏ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏ –ø–æ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä–∞ —Ä—ä—á–Ω–æ. –¢–∞–∑–∏ —Å–µ–∫—Ü–∏—è –¥–∞–≤–∞ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ç–µ, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∑–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä.</para> <sect1 id="restricted-manager" status="review"> <title>–û–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏</title> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞, —Å–≤—ä—Ä–∑–∞–Ω–∏ –∫—ä–º –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä, –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –µ –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏.</para> <sect2 id="restrictedmanager-whyrestricted" status="review"> <title>–ó–∞—â–æ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ —Å–∞ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏?</title> <para><emphasis>–û–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ —Å–∞ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ –∑–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –Ω–µ —Å–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–∏ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –∏–ª–∏ —Å –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω –∫–æ–¥.</emphasis></para> <para>–ü–æ–≤–µ—á–µ—Ç–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ (—Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä) —Å–≤—ä—Ä–∑–∞–Ω–∏ —Å –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ –≤ Ubuntu. –¢–µ–∑–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –Ω–∞–π-–≤–µ—Ä–æ—è—Ç–Ω–æ –∏–º–∞—Ç <emphasis>–Ω–µ–æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏</emphasis> –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏, –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–≤–∞, —á–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω—è–Ω–∏ –æ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏—Ü–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ Ubuntu –∏ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –æ—Ç—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∏ —Å–≤—ä—Ä–∑–∞–Ω–∏ —Å —Ç—è—Ö.</para> <para>–ó–∞ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ –æ—Ç —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –Ω—è–º–∞ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏. –û–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ –µ, —á–µ —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–∏—è—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª –Ω–µ –µ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏–ª –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–≤–∞—Ç —Å—ä–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–¥–æ–±–Ω–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏. –¢–∞–∫–∏–≤–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –µ –≤—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –Ω–µ —Å–∞ –Ω–∞–ø—ä–ª–Ω–æ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–∞–ª–Ω–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–∞ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç –∏–∑–æ–±—â–æ.</para> <para>–ê–∫–æ –∑–∞ –¥–∞–¥–µ–Ω–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –µ –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–µ–Ω <emphasis>–æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä </emphasis>, –≤–∏–µ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –≥–æ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ –∏–ª–∏ –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–∑—à–∏—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –≤—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ. –ù–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ –∑–∞ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ –≥—Ä–∞—Ñ–∏—á–Ω–∏ –∫–∞—Ä—Ç–∏ –≤–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –ø–æ-–ø—ä–ª–Ω–æ—Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:desktop-effects">–≤–∏–∑—É–∞–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –µ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç–∏</ulink>.</para> <para>–ù—è–∫–æ–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –Ω—è–º–∞—Ç —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ - —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Å–∞ –∏–∑—Ü—è–ª–æ –ø–æ–¥–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞–Ω–∏ –æ—Ç —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –≤—Å–µ –æ—â–µ –Ω–µ —Å–∞ –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏ —Ç–∞–∫–∏–≤–∞.</para> <caution> <para>–û–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ –æ–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ —Å–µ –ø–æ–¥–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞—Ç –æ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞. –ü–æ —Ç–∞–∑–∏ –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞ –Ω–µ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω—è–Ω–∏ –æ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—á–∏—Ü–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ Ubuntu –≤ —Å–ª—É—á–∞–π –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º.</para> </caution> </sect2> <sect2 id="restrictedmanager-enable" status="review"> <title>–°—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</title> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä –∑–∞ –¥–∞–¥–µ–Ω–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ:</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–î—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ –∑–∞ —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ –±–∏—Ö—Ç–µ –∂–µ–ª–∞–ª–∏ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏ —Å–ª–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∫–∞ —Å–ª–µ–¥ –∏–º–µ—Ç–æ –º—É –≤ –∫–æ–ª–æ–Ω–∫–∞—Ç–∞ <guilabel>–†–∞–∑—Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω</guilabel></para> </step> <step> <para>–©–µ –±—ä–¥–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–º–æ–ª–µ–Ω–∏ –¥–∞ –ø–æ—Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞–ª–∏ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä. –ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–†–∞–∑—Ä–µ—à–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</guibutton>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–û–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏—è—Ç –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä —â–µ –±—ä–¥–µ –∏–∑—Ç–µ–≥–ª–µ–Ω –∏ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–Ω.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –Ω–∞–ª–æ–∂–∏ –¥–∞ —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞.</para> </step> </procedure> </sect2> <sect2 id="restrictedmanager-disable" status="review"> <title>–ò–∑–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</title> <para>–ê–∫–æ –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ –∏–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –≥–æ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ:</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–î—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∏ –∑–∞ —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä</guimenuitem></menuchoice></para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ –∂–µ–ª–∞–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ –∏ –º–∞—Ö–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∫–∞—Ç–∞ —Å—Ä–µ—â—É –∏–º–µ—Ç–æ –º—É –≤ –∫–æ–ª–æ–Ω–∫–∞—Ç–∞ <guilabel>–†–∞–∑—Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω</guilabel>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–©–µ –±—ä–¥–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–º–æ–ª–µ–Ω–∏ –¥–∞ –ø–æ—Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞–ª–∏ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä. –ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ó–∞–±—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä</guibutton>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –Ω–∞–ª–æ–∂–∏ –¥–∞ —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞–ø—ä–ª–Ω–æ –¥—Ä–∞–π–≤–µ—Ä–∞.</para> </step> </procedure> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="disks" status="review"> <title>–î–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–µ –∏ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</title> <para>–¢–∞–∑–∏ —Å–µ–∫—Ü–∏—è –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤—è –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏—Ç–µ —Å –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–µ –∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–µ–º–∞—Ö–≤–∞–µ–º–∏ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥–∏ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–µ.</para> <indexterm zone="partitioning-device"> <primary>–¥—è–ª</primary> <secondary>–¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="partitioning-device"> <primary>—Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—è–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="partition-formatting"> <primary>format</primary> <secondary>formatting</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="mount-and-umount"> <primary>mount</primary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="mount-and-umount"> <primary>unmount</primary> <secondary>umount</secondary> </indexterm> <indexterm zone="what-is-filesystem"> <primary>filesystem</primary> <secondary>file system</secondary> </indexterm> <sect2 id="checking-usage" status="review"> <title>–ü—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∫–∞ –∑–∞ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞</title> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–ù–∞–±–ª—é–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞—Ç–∞</guimenuitem></menuchoice> –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞ <guilabel>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∏ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∏</guilabel>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –µ –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–Ω–æ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä.</para> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–ú–µ—Å—Ç–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–¢–æ–∑–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –¥–µ—Å–Ω–∏—è –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –≤—ä—Ä—Ö—É —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫, –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</guilabel> –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞ <guilabel>–ë–∞–∑–æ–≤</guilabel>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑—é–º–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç–µ–∫—É—â–æ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ—Ç–æ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ –¥–∏—Å–∫.</para> <sect3 id="advanced-disk-analysis" status="review"> <title>–ù–∞–ø—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–∞–ª –∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑ –Ω–∞ –∑–∞–µ—Ç–æ—Ç–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ</title> <para>–ó–∞ –ø–æ-—Ç–æ—á–µ–Ω –∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–ü—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü–æ–º–æ—â–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ <application>–ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞</application>.</para> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–î–æ–º–∞—à–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ –ø–∞–ø–∫–∞</guibutton>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–µ —Å–∫–∞–Ω–∏—Ä–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –¥–æ–±–∞—à–Ω–∞ –ø–∞–ø–∫–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guibutton>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–µ —Å–∫–∞–Ω–∏—Ä–∞ —Ü—è–ª–∞—Ç–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞.</para> <para>–í–∏–∂—Ç–µ <ulink url="ghelp:baobab" type="help">–†—ä–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –Ω–∞ –ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞</ulink> –∑–∞ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è.</para> </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="free-disk-space" status="review"> <title>–ö–∞–∫ –º–æ–≥–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥—è –º–∞–ª–∫–æ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ?</title> <para>–ò–º–∞ –Ω—è–∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–ò–∑–ø—Ä–∞–∑–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–µ—Ç–æ –∫–æ—à—á–µ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –¥–µ—Å–Ω–∏—è –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –≤—ä—Ä—Ö—É –∏–∫–æ–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –ö–æ—à—á–µ –≤ –ø–∞–Ω–µ–ª–∞ –æ—Ç–¥–æ–ª—É –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–ò–∑—á–∏—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ—à—á–µ—Ç–æ</guilabel>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><ulink url="apt:computer-janitor-gtk">–ò–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–π—Ç–µ <application>Computer Janitor</application></ulink> –∏ –≥–æ –∏–∑–ø—ä–ª–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guisubmenu><guisubmenu>System Janitor</guisubmenu></menuchoice>. –¢–æ–≤–∞ —â–µ –ø—Ä–µ–º–∞—Ö–Ω–µ –Ω–µ–∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –∏–ª–∏ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏ —Å–æ—Ñ—Ç—É–µ—Ä–Ω–∏ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∏ –æ—Ç –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä. –ü—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ü–æ—á–∏—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guibutton> –ø—Ä–æ—á–µ—Ç–µ—Ç–µ –≤–Ω–∏–º–∞—Ç–µ–ª–Ω–æ —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫–∞; –ú–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –æ–ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–∏ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ —Å—Ç–µ –∏–∑—Ç–µ–≥–ª–∏–ª–∏ –∏ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–ª–∏ —Ä—ä—á–Ω–æ, –¥–æ—Ä–∏ –¥–∞ –Ω–µ —Å–∞ –Ω–µ–Ω—É–∂–Ω–∏.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ü—Ä–µ–º–∞—Ö–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –≤–µ—á–µ –Ω–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ. –í–∏–∂—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:add-applications#gnome-app-install"> –î–æ–±–∞–≤—è–Ω–µ/–ü—Ä–µ–º–∞—Ö–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏</ulink> –∑–∞ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–º–∞—Ö–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∏.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ò–∑—Ç—Ä–∏–π—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –≤–µ—á–µ –Ω–µ –≤–∏ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞—Ç. –ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞ (<menuchoice><guimenu>–ü—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü–æ–º–æ—â–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ê–Ω–∞–ª–∏–∑–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–∞</guimenuitem></menuchoice>), –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–º–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –∑–∞–µ–º–∞—Ç –Ω–∞–π-–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ. –í–Ω–∏–º–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –Ω–µ –∏–∑—Ç—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –≤—Å–µ –æ—â–µ –≤–∏ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞—Ç!</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–°—ä—â–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—Ä–µ—Å–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –∏ –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–≤–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä–∏, —Ä—è–¥–∫–æ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏:</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ –∏ –ø–∞–ø–∫–∏—Ç–µ, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—Ä–µ—Å–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –¥–µ—Å–Ω–∏—è –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –≤—ä—Ä—Ö—É —Ç—è—Ö –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–°—ä–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–≤</guilabel>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–í—ä–≤–µ–¥–µ—Ç–µ –∏–º–µ, –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç –Ω–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ (—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∞ <filename>.tar.gz</filename> —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–π –Ω–∞–π-–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –≤ Ubuntu, <filename>.zip</filename> –µ —Å—ä–≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–∏–º —Å Windows –∏ <filename>.tar.lzma</filename> –æ–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–∞–≥–∞ –Ω–∞–π-–¥–æ–±—Ä–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—Ä–µ—Å–∏—è).</para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–°—ä–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guibutton>. –©–µ –±—ä–¥–µ —Å—ä–∑–¥–∞–¥–µ–Ω –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–≤, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ —Å—ä–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—Ä–µ—Å–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ò–∑—Ç—Ä–∏–π—Ç–µ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä–∏ –Ω–µ–∫–æ–º–ø—Ä–µ—Å–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ.</para> </step> </procedure> </sect2> <sect2 id="partitioning-device" status="review"> <title>–†–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—è–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ <application>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</application>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–µ. <ulink url="apt:gparted">–ò–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø–∞–∫–µ—Ç–∞ <application>gparted</application></ulink> –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</guimenuitem></menuchoice>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä–∞ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ.</para> <caution> <para>–í–Ω–∏–º–∞–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ, –∑–∞—â–æ—Ç–æ –µ –≤—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–≥—É–±–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏, –∞–∫–æ –∏–∑—Ç—Ä–∏–µ—Ç–µ –∏–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –≥—Ä–µ—à–Ω–∏—è –¥—è–ª.</para> </caution> <sect3 id="freeing-space" status="review"> <title>–û—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–∂–¥–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ –∑–∞ –Ω–æ–≤ –¥—è–ª</title> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—ä–∑–¥–∞–¥–µ—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª –≤ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Å –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ, –ø—ä—Ä–≤–æ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ —Å—ä—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤—É–≤–∞—â –¥—è–ª. –ê–∫–æ –≤–µ—á–µ –∏–º–∞—Ç–µ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ, –ø—Ä–µ—Å–∫–æ—á–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ <xref linkend="creating-new-partition"/>; –≤ –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤–µ–Ω —Å–ª—É—á–∞–π, —Å–ª–µ–¥–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏—Ç–µ –æ—Ç–¥–æ–ª—É: <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–û—Ç –ø–∞–¥–∞—â–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ –≤ –≥–æ—Ä–Ω–∏—è –¥–µ—Å–µ–Ω —ä–≥—ä–ª –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–∑–æ—Ä–µ—Ü–∞ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ —â–µ —Ä–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–©–µ —Å–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∂–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ —Å –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ. –ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥—è–ª –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–î—è–ª</guimenu><guimenuitem>–î–µ–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª–∞, –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–û—Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ/–ü—Ä–µ–º–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guilabel>. –©–µ —Å–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∂–µ –ø—Ä–æ–∑–æ—Ä–µ—Ü–∞ <guilabel>–û—Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ/–ü—Ä–µ–º–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guilabel>. –ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –ø–æ–ª–µ—Ç–æ <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ –æ—Ç–∑–∞–¥ (–ú–ë)</guilabel> –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏ —Å–ª–µ–¥ –¥—è–ª–∞ –∏–ª–∏ <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ –æ—Ç–ø—Ä–µ–¥ (–ú–ë)</guilabel> –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥—è–ª–∞. –ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –ø–ª—ä–∑–≥–∞—á–∞, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–≥–ª–∞—Å–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä–∞ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–û—Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ/–ü—Ä–µ–º–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist></para> </sect3> <sect3 id="creating-new-partition" status="review"> <title>–°—ä–∑–¥–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –Ω–æ–≤ –¥—è–ª</title> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—ä–∑–¥–∞–¥–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–æ–≤ –¥—è–ª: <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>–û—Ç –ø–∞–¥–∞—â–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ –≤ –≥–æ—Ä–Ω–∏—è –¥–µ—Å–µ–Ω —ä–≥—ä–ª –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–∑–æ—Ä–µ—Ü–∞ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ —â–µ —Ä–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–©–µ —Å–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∂–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ —Å –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ. –ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ç–æ–∑–∏, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ –ø–∏—à–µ <guilabel>–Ω–µ—Ä–∞–∑–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏</guilabel> –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ù–æ–≤</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–û—Ç –ø–∞–¥–∞—â–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ <guilabel>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guilabel> –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∏—è —Ç–∏–ø —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–î–æ–±–∞–≤—è–Ω–µ</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ò–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist></para> </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="partition-formatting" status="review"> <title>–§–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ <application>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</application>, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫ (–≤–∏–∂—Ç–µ <xref linkend="partitioning-device"/> –∑–∞ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–Ω–æ <application>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</application>).</para> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª, –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ—Ç–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–æ—Ç–æ: <orderedlist> <listitem> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guisubmenu>–ê–¥–º–∏–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ </guisubmenu><guimenuitem>–†–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–û—Ç –ø–∞–¥–∞—â–∏—è —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ –≤ –≥–æ—Ä–Ω–∏—è –¥–µ—Å–µ–Ω —ä–≥—ä–ª –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–∑–æ—Ä–µ—Ü–∞ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ, –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ —â–µ —Ä–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–©–µ —Å–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∂–µ —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ —Å –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ. –ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –∂–µ–ª–∞–Ω–∏—è –¥—è–ª –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–î—è–ª</guimenu><guimenuitem>–î–µ–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –¥—è–ª–∞, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–î—è–ª</guimenu><guimenuitem>–§–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –∫–∞—Ç–æ</guimenuitem></menuchoice> –∏ –æ—Ç —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫–∞ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –∑–∞ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guibutton>–ò–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ</guibutton>.</para> </listitem> </orderedlist></para> <warning> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–∫–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ <guibutton>–ü—Ä–∏–ª–∞–≥–∞–Ω–µ</guibutton> —â–µ –∏–∑—Ç—Ä–∏–µ –ø–µ—Ä–º–∞–Ω–µ–Ω—Ç–Ω–æ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–∞.</para> </warning> </sect2> <sect2 id="to-format-meaning" status="review"> <title>–ö–∞–∫–≤–æ –µ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ?</title> <para>–ó–∞ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥ –¥–∏—Å–∫, —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏–ª–∏ –¥—è–ª –∑–∞ –ø–æ–¥–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∑–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏</para> <para>–î–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏–µ—Ç–æ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥ –¥–∏—Å–∫ –∏–ª–∏ –¥—è–ª –µ, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç –∑–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏ –µ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–≤–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ; —Ç–æ–∑–∏ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç –µ <quote>—Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</quote>.</para> <para>–ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —Å–∏ –∫—É–ø–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∏—Å–∫, –æ–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ –Ω–µ –µ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω –∏ –Ω–µ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –∑–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏. –ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∏—Å–∫—ä—Ç, —â–µ –∑–∞–±–µ–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç–µ, —á–µ —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ—Ç–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ–≥–æ –µ –ø–æ-–º–∞–ª–∫–æ –æ—Ç –æ—Ä–∏–≥–∏–Ω–∞–ª–Ω–æ—Ç–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ. –¢–æ–≤–∞ –µ —Ç–∞–∫–∞ –ø–æ—Ä–∞–¥–∏ —Ñ–∞–∫—Ç–∞, —á–µ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –º–∞–ª–∫–æ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–µ–º–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ; —Ç–æ–≤–∞ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ —Å–µ –∑–∞–µ–º–∞ –æ—Ç —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞. –ß–µ—Å—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–≤–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫–æ–≤–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ —Å—Ç–∞–Ω–¥–∞—Ä—Ç–∏ –∑–∞ –∏–∑–º–µ—Ä–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –æ–±–µ–º –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–∫, –≤ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—Ç–∞—Ç –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ —Å–µ –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∞–≤–∞—Ç –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏–∫–∏.</para> </sect2> <sect2 id="what-is-filesystem" status="review"> <title>–ö–∞–∫–≤–æ –µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞?</title> <para>–§–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –µ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω –∑–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∏ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ –≤ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∫–∞—Ç–æ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥ –¥–∏—Å–∫ –∏ –µ –≤–∞–∂–Ω–∞ —á–∞—Å—Ç –∑–∞ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞. –ë–µ–∑ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞, –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –∏ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ —â–µ –µ –Ω–µ–≤—ä–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω–æ.</para> <para>–ò–º–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ —Ç–∏–ø–æ–≤–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∏ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∏. –ù–∞–π-–∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Å–∞: <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>ext2 –∏ ext3: —Ç–µ –æ–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –æ—Ç GNU/Linux –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–∏ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∏. Ubuntu –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ <emphasis>ext3</emphasis> –∫–∞—Ç–æ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –ø–æ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–∞–∑–±–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>FAT16</acronym> –∏ <acronym>FAT32</acronym>: —Ç–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∏ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∏ –Ω–∞ Microsoft Windows, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –Ω–∞ –ø–æ-—Å—Ç–∞—Ä–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏. –ê–∫–æ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Å–ø–æ–¥–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏ –º–µ–∂–¥—É –¥–≤–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ <emphasis><acronym>FAT32</acronym></emphasis> –µ –¥–æ–±—ä—Ä –∏–∑–±–æ—Ä.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>NTFS</acronym>: —Ç–æ–∑–∏ —Ç–∏–ø —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –æ—Ç –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–æ–≤–∏ –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏–∏ –Ω–∞ Microsoft Windows.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><acronym>HFS+</acronym>: —Ç–æ–≤–∞ –µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –ø–æ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–∞–∑–±–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ Mac OS X.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist></para> </sect2> <sect2 id="partition-meaning" status="review"> <title>–ö–∞–∫–≤–æ –µ –î—è–ª?</title> <para>–î—è–ª –µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –æ–±–µ–º –Ω–∞ –µ–¥–Ω–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ, –∫–∞—Ç–æ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥ –¥–∏—Å–∫, –Ω–∞ –Ω—è–∫–æ–ª–∫–æ —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç –∫–∞—Ç–æ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª–Ω–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∑–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ (<quote>–ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</quote>).</para> <para>–í—Å—è–∫–æ –ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Å–µ –≤–∏–∂–¥–∞ –æ—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –æ—Ç–¥–µ–ª–Ω–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∏ –ø–æ —Ç–∞–∑–∏ –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∞ —Å–µ —Ç—Ä–µ—Ç–∏—Ä–∞ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–µ–∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏–º –¥–∏—Å–∫.</para> <para>–†–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª—è–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥—è–ª–æ–≤–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥ –¥–∏—Å–∫ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–æ –ø–æ –Ω—è–∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –ø—Ä–∏—á–∏–Ω–∏: <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –æ—Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–∏—Ç–µ –º—è—Å—Ç–æ</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–Ω—Å—Ç–∞–ª–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–∏ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∏</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ó–∞ –ø–æ-–¥–æ–±—Ä–æ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç–≤—ä—Ä–¥–∏—è –¥–∏—Å–∫</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist></para> </sect2> <sect2 id="mount-and-umount" status="review"> <title>–ú–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –∏ –¥–µ–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</title> <para>–ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —Å–≤—ä—Ä–∂–µ—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∑–∞ —Å—ä—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä, —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –µ <emphasis>–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–æ</emphasis> –æ—Ç –æ–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞, —Ç–∞–∫–∞ —á–µ –¥–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ–≤–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ.</para> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ –º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –∏ –¥–µ–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–≤–∞, –≤–∏–∂—Ç–µ <ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#gosnautilus-460">–ò–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–º–∞—Ö–≤–∞–µ–º–∏ –Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏</ulink></para> <para>–ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –∫–æ–ø–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ, –Ω–µ –≤–∏–Ω–∞–≥–∏ —Å–µ –∑–∞–ø–∏—Å–≤–∞—Ç –≤–µ–¥–Ω–∞–≥–∞ –Ω–∞ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ. –í–º–µ—Å—Ç–æ —Ç–æ–≤–∞, —Ç–µ —á–µ—Å—Ç–æ —Å–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–µ–∂–¥–∞—Ç –Ω–∞ –æ–ø–∞—à–∫–∞, —Ç–∞–∫–∞ —á–µ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–µ—Ö–≤—ä—Ä–ª–µ–Ω–∏ –µ–¥–Ω–æ–≤—Ä–µ–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ (–∑–∞ –ø–æ-–¥–æ–±—Ä–∞ –µ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ—Å—Ç). –ê–∫–æ –ø—Ä–µ–∫—ä—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∞—Ç–∞ —Å —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–µ—Ö–≤–∞–ª–µ–Ω–∏ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –¥–∞–Ω–Ω–∏, –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–≥—É–±–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ. –ó–∞ –¥–∞ –Ω–µ —Å–µ —Å–ª—É—á–∏ —Ç–æ–≤–∞, –≤–∏–Ω–∞–≥–∏ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ <emphasis>–¥–µ–º–æ–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ</emphasis> —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–∫—ä—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –≤—Ä—ä–∑–∫–∞—Ç–∞.</para> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="laptops" status="review"> <title>–ü—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏</title> <para>–¢–∞–∑–∏ —Å–µ–∫—Ü–∏—è —Å—ä–¥—ä—Ä–∂–∞ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ —Ö–æ—Ä–∞, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç Ubuntu –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä.</para> <sect2 id="laptops-pm" status="review"> <title>–ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –∑–∞ —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –∑–∞—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –∑–∞ —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –∑–∞—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —É–¥—ä–ª–∂–∏—Ç–µ –∂–∏–≤–æ—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –±–∞—Ç–µ—Ä–∏—è –∏ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –Ω–∞–º–∞–ª–∏ —É–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∞—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –µ–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏—è</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–£–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –∑–∞—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ü—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –∫–∞–∫—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–µ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ. –ü—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Å–µ –ø—Ä–∏–ª–∞–≥–∞—Ç –≤–µ–¥–Ω–∞–≥–∞.</para> </step> </procedure> <para>–ò–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –µ–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –æ—Ç –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–≥–∞—Å–∏ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞. –ò–∑–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —É–¥—ä–ª–∂–∏ –∂–∏–≤–æ—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –±–∞—Ç–µ—Ä–∏—è—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏—è</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ü—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–¢–µ–º–∞ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ–ª—è –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞</guilabel> –Ω–∞ <guilabel>–ß–µ—Ä–µ–Ω –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω</guilabel>. –¢–æ–≤–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ —â–µ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∂–µ –ø—Ä–∞–∑–µ–Ω –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω –∫–∞—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø–∞–∑–∏—Ç–µ–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞.</para> </step> </procedure> <note> <para>–ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –≤–∞—à–∏—è—Ç –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –µ –Ω–∞ –±–∞—Ç–µ—Ä–∏—è, –Ω–∞–π-–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –µ–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –æ—Ç –¥–∏—Å–ø–ª–µ—è. –ù–∞–º–∞–ª—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ —è—Ä–∫–æ—Å—Ç—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –¥–∏—Å–ø–ª–µ—è –º–æ–∂–µ –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª–Ω–æ –¥–∞ —É–¥—ä–ª–∂–∏ –∂–∏–≤–æ—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞ –±–∞—Ç–µ—Ä–∏—è—Ç–∞; –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ –≤–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–≤–∞—Ç –∑–∞ –Ω–∞–º–∞–ª–∏—Ç–µ —è—Ä–∫–æ—Å—Ç—Ç–∞ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <keycombo><keycap>Fn</keycap><keycap>F7</keycap></keycombo> –Ω—è–∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –ø—ä—Ç–∏.</para> </note> </sect2> <sect2 id="laptops-touchpads" status="review"> <title>–¢—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–æ–≤–µ</title> <para>–ü–æ–≤–µ—á–µ—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ –∏–¥–≤–∞—Ç —Å —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥, –∫–æ–π—Ç–æ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –∑–∞ —É–ø—Ä–∞–≤–ª—è–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫—É—Ä—Å–æ—Ä–∞ –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞. –ò–º–∞ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω–∏ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–∞; –Ω–∞–π-–æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–∞ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞—Ç –ø–æ —Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏—è –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω.</para> <procedure> <step><para>–ù–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <menuchoice><guimenu>–°–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü—Ä–µ–¥–ø–æ—á–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏—è</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–ú–∏—à–∫–∞</guimenuitem></menuchoice>.</para></step> <step><para>–ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞ <guilabel>–¢—ä—á–ø–∞–¥</guilabel>.</para></step> <step><para>–¢—É–∫ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–∞ –ø–æ –≤–∞—à –≤–∫—É—Å. –ü—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –∏–º–∞—Ç –µ—Ñ–µ–∫—Ç –≤–µ–¥–Ω–∞–≥–∞.</para></step> </procedure> <para>–ù—è–∫–æ–∏ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–æ–≤–µ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –æ—Ç–∫—Ä–∏—Ç–∏ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–æ—Ä–º–∞–ª–Ω–∏ –º–∏—à–∫–∏, –¥–æ—Ä–∏ –Ω–∞–∏—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–∞ —Ä–∞–∑–ø–æ–∑–Ω–∞—Ç–∏ –∫–∞—Ç–æ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–æ–≤–µ. –í —Ç–∞–∫—ä–≤ —Å–ª—É—á–∞–π, —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞ <guilabel>–¢—ä—á–ø–∞–¥</guilabel> –Ω—è–º–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–µ–Ω –≤ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞.</para> <note> <para>–í–∏–∂—Ç–µ <ulink url="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticsTouchpad">—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü–∏ –∑–∞ –ø–æ–¥–¥—Ä—ä–∂–∫–∞ –æ—Ç –æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ</ulink> –∑–∞ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–Ω–æ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ.</para> </note> </sect2> <sect2 id="laptops-testing-reports" status="review"> <title>–ù–∞–º–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –æ—Ç—á–µ—Ç–∏ –∑–∞ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä</title> <para>–ú–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ —Ä–µ–¥–æ–≤–Ω–æ —Å–µ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞—Ç –æ—Ç –æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ Ubuntu, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –≥–∞—Ä–∞–Ω—Ç–∏—Ä–∞, —á–µ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ. –†–µ–∑—É–ª—Ç–∞—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –æ—Ç —Ç–µ–∑–∏ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–æ–≤–µ —Å–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–∏ –∑–∞ –≤–∞—Å –∑–∞ —á–µ—Ç–µ–Ω–µ –∏ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–∞—Ç —Ä–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∑–∞ –≤—Å—è–∫–∞–∫–≤–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Å—Ä–µ—â–Ω–µ—Ç–µ —Å –≤–∞—à–∏—è –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä.</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem><para>–í–∏–∂—Ç–µ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ –≤ <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam">—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ü–∏—Ç–µ –∑–∞ –ø–æ–¥–¥—Ä—ä–∂–∫–∞ –æ—Ç –æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ</ulink> –∑–∞ –ø—ä–ª–µ–Ω —Å–ø–∏—Å—ä–∫ –Ω–∞ –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–æ–≤–µ –∑–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏.</para></listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–í–∏–µ —Å—ä—â–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —É—á–∞—Å—Ç–≤–∞—Ç–µ –≤ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ –∫–∞—Ç–æ —Å–µ —Å–≤—ä—Ä–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Å <ulink url="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LaptopTestingTeam">–ï–∫–∏–ø –∑–∞ —Ç–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏</ulink>.</para> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="pm-suspending" status="review"> <title>–ü—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä</title> <para>–ó–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–ø–µ—Å—Ç–∏—Ç–µ –µ–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ, –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –ø–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –≤ –µ–¥–∏–Ω –æ—Ç –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –µ–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–æ—Å–ø–µ—Å—Ç—è–≤–∞—â–∏ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∏, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–µ –≥–æ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong">–ü—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞–Ω–µ</emphasis> –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –µ –≤—Å–µ –µ–¥–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –≥–æ —Å–ª–æ–∂–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Å–ø–∏. –ö–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä—ä—Ç –≤—Å–µ –æ—â–µ —â–µ –±—ä–¥–µ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω –∏ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –≤–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —â–µ –±—ä–¥–µ –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∞. , –Ω–æ —â–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø–æ-–º–∞–ª–∫–æ –µ–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ. –ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ —Å—ä–±—É–¥–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –Ω—è–∫–æ–π –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –Ω—è–∫–æ–π –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong">–•–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è—Ç–∞</emphasis> –µ –Ω–∞–ø—ä–ª–Ω–æ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, –ø—Ä–∏ –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ —Å–µ –∑–∞–ø–∞–∑–≤–∞ —Ç–µ–∫—É—â–æ—Ç–æ —Å—ä—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ (–∫–∞—Ç–æ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∑–∞–ø–∞–∑—è—Ç –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏). –°–ª–µ–¥ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –æ—Ç —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è, —Ü—è–ª–∞—Ç–∞ –≤–∏ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–µ –≤—ä–∑—Å—Ç–∞–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–∞, –∫–∞–∫—Ç–æ –µ –±–∏–ª–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è—Ç–∞. –ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä—ä—Ç –µ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–Ω, –Ω–µ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –µ–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong">–ò–∑–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ</emphasis> –µ –Ω–∞–ø—ä–ª–Ω–æ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, –±–µ–∑ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∑–∞–ø–∞–∑–≤–∞ —Ç–µ–∫—É—â–æ—Ç–æ —Å—ä—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞. –ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä—ä—Ç –µ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω –Ω–µ —Å–µ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞ –µ–ª–µ–∫—Ç—Ä–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong">–ü—Ä–æ–¥—ä–ª–∂–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ</emphasis> –µ –∏–∑–ª–∏–∑–∞–Ω–µ –æ—Ç –µ–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–æ—Å–ø–µ—Å—Ç—è–≤–∞—â —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –∏ –≤—Ä—ä—â–∞–Ω–µ –≤ –Ω–æ—Ä–º–∞–ª–Ω–æ —Å—ä—Å—Ç–æ—è–Ω–∏–µ –∑–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞. –ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–¥—ä–ª–∂–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç–∞ —Å –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –µ –±–∏–ª –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∞–Ω, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω—è–∫–æ–π –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞. –ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–¥—ä–ª–∂–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —Å –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –æ—Ç —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω–∞ –∑–∞ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ —Ä—ä—á–Ω–æ –¥–∞ –ø–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –≤ –µ–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–æ—Å–ø–µ—Å—Ç—è–≤–∞—â —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ <application>–ü—Ä–µ–≤–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞—Ç–µ–ª –Ω–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª</application> –≤ –≥–æ—Ä–Ω–∏—è –¥–µ—Å–µ–Ω —ä–≥—ä–ª –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞ –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–¥—Ö–æ–¥—è—â–∏—è –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω.</para> <caution> <para>–ù—è–∫–æ–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –∏–º–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∏ –ø—Ä–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–º–∏–Ω–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–æ –≤ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ –æ—Ç –µ–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–æ—Å–ø–µ—Å—Ç—è–≤–∞—â–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º–∏. –ù–∞–π-–¥–æ–±—Ä–∏—è—Ç –Ω–∞—á–∏–Ω –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞–ª–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–º–∏–Ω–µ –≤ –µ–Ω–µ—Ä–≥–æ—Å–ø–µ—Å—Ç—è–≤–∞—â —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø—Ä–æ–±–≤–∞—Ç–µ —Ç–æ–∑–∏ —Ä–µ–∂–∏–º –∏ –¥–∞ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ –¥–∞–ª–∏ —Å–µ –¥—ä—Ä–∂–∏ –∫–∞–∫—Ç–æ —Å–µ –æ—á–∞–∫–≤–∞. –í–∏–Ω–∞–≥–∏ —Å–µ —É–≤–µ—Ä—è–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ, —á–µ —Å—Ç–µ –∑–∞–ø–∞–∑–∏ –≤–∞–∂–Ω–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏—Ç–µ –∏–ª–∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞.</para> </caution> <sect2 id="pm-suspend-hibernate-fails" status="review"> <title>–ú–æ—è—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –Ω–µ –∑–∞—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–µ —Å–µ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ</title> <para>–ù—è–∫–æ–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ –Ω–µ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∞–Ω–∏ –∏–ª–∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ —Å Ubuntu. –ê–∫–æ —Ç–æ–≤–∞ –≤–∏ —Å–µ —Å–ª—É—á–∏, –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–±–µ–ª–µ–∂–∏—Ç–µ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ –æ—Ç —Å–ª–µ–¥–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Å–∏–º–ø—Ç–æ–º–∏:</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para>–ö–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä—ä—Ç –Ω–µ —Å–µ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞ —Å–ª–µ–¥ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ö–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∏—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ —Å–ª–µ–¥ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ, –≤–∞—à–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏—à–Ω–æ –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏ –Ω–µ —Å–µ –æ—Ç–≤–∞—Ä—è—Ç –∞–≤—Ç–æ–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–Ω–æ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ö–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä—ä—Ç –Ω–µ —Å–µ —Å—ä–±—É–∂–¥–∞ —Å–ª–µ–¥ –∫–∞—Ç–æ —Å—Ç–µ –≥–æ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∞–ª–∏.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para>–ù—è–∫–æ–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏ –∏–ª–∏ —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä–Ω–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ —Å–ø–∏—Ä–∞—Ç –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ —Å–ª–µ–¥ –ø—Ä–æ–¥—ä–ª–∂–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞—Ç–∞ –æ—Ç —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è –∏–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–∏ —Å—ä–±—É–∂–¥–∞–Ω–µ, –∞–∫–æ —Å–∞ –±–∏–ª–∏ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∞–Ω–∏.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> <para>–ê–∫–æ –≤–∏ —Å–ª—É—á–∏ –Ω—è–∫–æ–π –æ—Ç —Ç–µ–∑–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∏, —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –¥–æ–∫–ª–∞–¥–≤–∞—Ç–µ –±—ä–≥ –Ω–∞ <ulink url="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug">Launchpad</ulink>. –° –º–∞–ª–∫–æ –Ω–∞–¥–µ–∂–¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∏—Ç–µ —â–µ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø–æ–ø—Ä–∞–≤–µ–Ω–∏ –≤ —Å–ª–µ–¥–≤–∞—â–∞—Ç–∞ –≤–µ—Ä—Å–∏—è –Ω–∞ Ubuntu. –°—ä—â–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏—Å–∫–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –≤–∏–¥–∏—Ç–µ <link linkend="pm-general-method">–û–±—â –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–∫–∞—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç</link>.</para> <para>–ê–∫–æ –≤–∞—à–∏—è —Ö–∞—Ä–¥—É–µ—Ä –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ —Å–ª–µ–¥ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∏–ª–∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞, —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–π—Ç–µ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞ –∏ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –∑–∞–ø–æ—á–Ω–µ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ. –ê–∫–æ –Ω—è–∫–æ—è –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∞ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ, –ø—Ä–æ–±–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∑–∞—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∞—Ç–∞ –∏ –ø–æ—Å–ª–µ —è —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–π—Ç–µ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ–≤–æ.</para> <caution> <para>–£–≤–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Å–µ, —á–µ —Å—Ç–µ –∑–∞–ø–∞–∑–∏–ª–∏ –≤—Å–∏—á–∫–∏ –≤–∞—à–∏ –æ—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ–Ω–∏ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∏ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø—Ä–æ–±–≤–∞—Ç–µ –¥–∞–ª–∏ –∏–º–∞—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º–∏ —Å –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è.</para> </caution> <sect3 id="pm-general-method" status="review"> <title>–û–±—â –º–µ—Ç–æ–¥ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–∫–∞—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–∫–∞—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç—è—Ç –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä, –Ω–æ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –Ω–∞–ª–æ–∂–∏ –¥–∞ —Å–≤—ä—Ä—à–∏—Ç–µ –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞. –ú–µ—Ç–æ–¥—ä—Ç –æ—Ç–¥–æ–ª—É —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ —Å –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏. –ê–∫–æ –Ω–µ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∏ —Å –≤–∞—à–∏—è –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä, –º–æ–ª—è, –ø–æ—Ç—ä—Ä—Å–µ—Ç–µ –ø–æ–¥–¥—Ä—ä–∂–∫–∞ –æ—Ç –µ–¥–∏–Ω –æ—Ç –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ—Ç–æ –∫–∞–Ω–∞–ª–∏ –∑–∞ –ø–æ–¥–¥—Ä—ä–∂–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ Ubuntu.</para> <procedure> <step> <para>–ò–∑—Ç–µ–≥–ª–µ—Ç–µ <ulink url="http://people.freedesktop.org/~hughsient/quirk/quirk-suspend-debug.html"> —Å–∫—Ä–∏–ø—Ç–∞ Quirk Checker</ulink> –≤—ä–≤ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –î–æ–º–∞—à–Ω–∞ –ø–∞–ø–∫–∞.</para> </step> <step> <para>–ù–∞–º–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–∞ <filename>quirk-checker.sh</filename> –≤—ä–≤ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –î–æ–º–∞—à–Ω–∞ –ø–∞–ø–∫–∞, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –¥–µ—Å–Ω–∏—è –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –≤—ä—Ä—Ö—É –Ω–µ–≥–æ –∏ –∏–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–°–≤–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</guilabel>. –ò–∑–±–µ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–¥–µ–ª–∞ <guilabel>–ü—Ä–∞–≤–∞</guilabel>, –æ—Ç–±–µ–ª–µ–∂–µ—Ç–µ <guilabel>–î–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ —Å–µ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä–∞ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∞</guilabel> –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω–∞ <guibutton>–ó–∞—Ç–≤–∞—Ä—è–Ω–µ</guibutton>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–û—Ç–≤–æ—Ä–µ—Ç–µ –¢–µ—Ä–º–∏–Ω–∞–ª (<menuchoice><guimenu>–ü—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏</guimenu><guimenuitem>–ü–æ–º–æ—â–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≥—Ä–∞–º–∏</guimenuitem><guimenuitem>–¢–µ—Ä–º–∏–Ω–∞–ª</guimenuitem></menuchoice>), –Ω–∞–ø–∏—à–µ—Ç–µ <userinput>./quirk-checker.sh</userinput> –∏ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à–∞ <keycap>Enter</keycap>.</para> </step> <step> <para>–°–ª–µ–¥–≤–∞–π—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è—Ç–∞, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏ —Å–∫—Ä–∏–ø—Ç–∞. –¢–µ –º–æ–≥–∞—Ç –¥–∞ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–≤–∞—Ç —Ä–µ–¥–∞–∫—Ç–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞–∂–Ω–∏ —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–Ω–∏ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ, —Ç–∞–∫–∞ —á–µ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—ä—Ä—Å–∏—Ç–µ –ø–æ–º–æ—â, –∞–∫–æ –Ω–µ —Å—Ç–µ —Å–∏–≥—É—Ä–Ω–∏ –∫–∞–∫–≤–æ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ.</para> </step> </procedure> <caution> <para>–ü—Ä–µ–¥–∏ –¥–∞ –Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–µ–ø–æ—Ä—ä—á–∞–Ω–∏ –æ—Ç Quirk Checker, —Å—ä–∑–¥–∞–π—Ç–µ —Ä–µ–∑–µ—Ä–≤–Ω–∏ –∫–æ–ø–∏—è –Ω–∞ —Ñ–∞–π–ª–æ–≤–µ—Ç–µ, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ —Ç—Ä—è–±–≤–∞ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ.</para> </caution> </sect3> </sect2> <sect2 id="pm-hibernate-pattern" status="review"> <title>–ó–∞—â–æ –≤–∏–∂–¥–∞–º —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω–∞ —à–∞—Ä–∫–∞ –Ω–∞ –µ–∫—Ä–∞–Ω–∞, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–º –º–æ—è—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä?</title> <para>–í–∞—à–∏—è—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∂–µ —á–µ—Ä–Ω–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –±—è–ª–∞ —à–∞—Ä–∫–∞ —Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ —Å–ª–µ–¥ –∫–∞—Ç–æ –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –±—É—Ç–æ–Ω–∞ –∑–∞ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞. –û–±–∏–∫–Ω–æ–≤–µ–Ω–æ –Ω—è–º–∞ –∑–∞ –∫–∞–∫–≤–æ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –ø—Ä–∏—Ç–µ—Å–Ω—è–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏ –∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏ –∫–∞–∫ –≥—Ä–∞—Ñ–∏—á–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –∫–∞—Ä—Ç–∏ –Ω–∞ –Ω—è–∫–æ–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—Ä–∏ —Ä–µ–∞–≥–∏—Ä–∞—Ç –Ω–∞ –ø—ä—Ä–≤–æ–Ω–∞—á–∞–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Ñ–∞–∑–∏ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å–∞ –∑–∞ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ.</para> <para>–ê–∫–æ –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä—ä—Ç –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑–≤–∞ —à–∞—Ä–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –∑–∞ –¥—ä–ª—ä–≥ –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ –æ—Ç –≤—Ä–µ–º–µ –±–µ–∑ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –∏–∑–∫–ª—é—á–∏, –º–æ–∂–µ –¥–∞ –∏–º–∞—Ç–µ –ø—Ä–æ–±–ª–µ–º —Å —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ü–∏—è—Ç–∞. –í–∏–∂—Ç–µ <link linkend="pm-suspend-hibernate-fails">–ú–æ—è—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä –Ω–µ —Å–µ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ø–∏–≤–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Ö–∏–±–µ—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä–∞ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–Ω–æ</link> –∑–∞ –ø–æ–≤–µ—á–µ –∏–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è.</para> </sect2> </sect1> <sect1 id="input-devices" status="review"> <title>–ú–∏—à–∫–∞ –∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∏</title> <para>–¢–∞–∑–∏ —Å–µ–∫—Ü–∏—è –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤—è –∏–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏ –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞—Ç–µ –º–∏—à–∫–∞, –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞ –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏ –≤—Ö–æ–¥–Ω–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –≤–∏ –±—ä–¥–∞—Ç –ø–æ-—É–¥–æ–±–Ω–∏, –∫–æ–≥–∞—Ç–æ –≥–∏ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ.</para> <sect2 id="input-mice" status="review"> <title>–ú–∏—à–∫–∞ –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏ –ø–æ—Å–æ—á–≤–∞—â–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ –∫—É–ø–∏—â–∞ –æ–ø—Ü–∏–∏ –∑–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –±—ä—Ä–∑–æ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –¥–≤–∏–∂–∏ –∫—É—Ä—Å–æ—Ä–∞ –∏ –∫–æ–ª–∫–æ —â—Ä–∞–∫–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ —Å–µ —Ä–∞–∑–±–∏—Ä–∞—Ç –æ—Ç –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä–∞.</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#mouse-skills">–£–º–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–∏ —É–º–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –ø–æ—Å–æ—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ, –Ω–∞—Ç–∏—Å–∫–∞–Ω–µ –∏ –∏–∑–¥—ä—Ä–ø–≤–∞–Ω–µ.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#prefs-mouse">–ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Å—Ç—Ä—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –∑–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –¥–∞–ª–∏ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –µ –∑–∞ –ª—è–≤–∞ —Ä—ä–∫–∞ –∏ –∫–æ–ª–∫–æ –±—ä—Ä–∑–æ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –¥–≤–∏–∂–∏ –∫—É—Ä—Å–æ—Ä–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#dtconfig-1">–î–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç - –ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ú–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º—è–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ —Å —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏—è –∑–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ —Å —É–≤—Ä–µ–∂–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#sysadmin-37">–î–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç - –ö–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∞–ª—Ç–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–∏ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∑–∞ –ø–æ—Å–æ—á–≤–∞–Ω–µ</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ—Å–æ—á–≤–∞—â–æ —É—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–æ –æ—Ç –º–∏—à–∫–∞.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> <sect2 id="input-keyboard" status="review"> <title>–ö–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω–∏ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–µ–¥–±–∏</title> <para>–ò–º–∞ –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–ø—Ü–∏–∏ –∑–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç–µ, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –µ–∑–∏–∫ –Ω–∞ –ø–∏—Å–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ –∏ –±—ä—Ä–∑–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏—à–∏ –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞.</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#keyboard-skills">–û—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–∏ —É–º–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–Ω–∞ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞ —Å –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:user-guide#prefs-keyboard">–ù–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏ –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ü—Ä–æ–º–µ–Ω–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞, –∫–∞—Ç–æ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω–∞ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–µ–¥–±–∞ –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gswitchit#gswitchit-applet-switching">–ò–Ω–¥–∏–∫–∞—Ç–æ—Ä –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω–∞ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–µ–¥–±–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–†—ä–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ—Ç–æ –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω–∞ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–µ–¥–±–∞, –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ –≤–∏ –ø–æ–∑–≤–æ–ª—è–≤–∞ –¥–∞ —Å–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç–µ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω–∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–Ω–∏ –ø–æ–¥—Ä–µ–¥–±–∏.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#dtconfig-0">–î–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç - –ö–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ú–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –∏ –ö–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –∫–æ–Ω—Ñ–∏–≥—É—Ä–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –∏ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ —Å —Ç–µ—Ö–Ω–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏–∏ –∑–∞ –ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ —Å —É–≤—Ä–µ–∂–¥–∞–Ω–∏—è.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:gnome-access-guide#keynav-0">–ò–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ –∑–∞ –Ω–∞–≤–∏–≥–∏—Ä–∞–Ω–µ –ø–æ –†–∞–±–æ—Ç–Ω–∏—è –ø–ª–æ—Ç</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–£–ø—ä—Ç–≤–∞–Ω–µ –∫–∞–∫ –¥–∞ —Å–µ –ø—Ä–∏–¥–≤–∏–∂–≤–∞—Ç–µ –∏–∑ —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–Ω–∏—è –ø–ª–æ—Ç —Å–∞–º–æ —Å –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:accessx-status#index">–ù–∞–±–ª—é–¥–∞–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–†—ä–∫–æ–≤–æ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –∑–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞, –∫–æ–µ—Ç–æ –ø–æ–∫–∞–∑–≤–∞ , –∫–æ–∏ —Ñ—É–Ω–∫—Ü–∏–∏ –Ω–∞ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—ä–ø–Ω–æ—Å—Ç –Ω–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞—Ç–∞ —Å–∞ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏.</para> </listitem> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:char-palette#charpick-characters">–ò–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ø–∞–ª–∏—Ç—Ä–∞ –æ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—Ü–∏</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –ü–∞–ª–∏—Ç—Ä–∞ –æ—Ç –∑–Ω–∞—Ü–∏ –∑–∞ –≤–º—ä–∫–≤–∞–Ω–µ –Ω–∞ –±—É–∫–≤–∏ –∏ —Å–∏–º–≤–æ–ª–∏, –∫–æ–∏—Ç–æ –Ω–µ —Å–∞ –Ω–∞ –≤–∞—à–∞—Ç–∞ –∫–ª–∞–≤–∏–∞—Ç—É—Ä–∞.</para> </listitem> </itemizedlist> </sect2> <sect2 id="input-touchpads" status="review"> <title>–¢—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–æ–≤–µ –∏ –≥—Ä–∞—Ñ–∏—á–Ω–∏ —Ç–∞–±–ª–µ—Ç–∏</title> <para>–ú–æ–∂–µ—Ç–µ –¥–∞ –∏–∑–ø–æ–ª–∑–≤–∞—Ç–µ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥ –∏–ª–∏ —Ç–∞–±–ª–µ—Ç, –∑–∞ –¥–∞ –¥–≤–∏–∂–∏—Ç–µ –∫—É—Ä—Å–æ—Ä–∞ –Ω–∞ –º–∏—à–∫–∞—Ç–∞.</para> <itemizedlist> <listitem> <para><emphasis role="strong"><ulink type="help" url="ghelp:hardware#laptops-touchpads">–¢—ä—á–ø–∞–¥–æ–≤–µ</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>–ò–Ω—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–∞—Ü–∏—è –∑–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–º—è–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–π–∫–∏—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ —Ç—ä—á–ø–∞–¥ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–Ω–æ—Å–∏–º –∫–æ–º–ø—é—Ç—ä—Ä.</para> </listitem> <!--<listitem> <para><emphasis role='strong'><ulink type='help' url='ghelp:'>Graphics tablets</ulink></emphasis></para> <para>Information about using a graphics tablet.</para> </listitem>--> </itemizedlist> </sect2> </sect1> </article>